Obamacare expanded Medicaid… well mostly…if we skip the politics, here’s what it means.
What is Medicaid?
Medicaid provides health coverage for some low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. In some states the program covers all low-income adults below a certain income level. The ACA expanded Medicaid eligibility to nearly all low-income individuals with incomes at or below 138 percent of poverty ($27,821 for a family of three in 2016). But not all states adopted the expansion, as the states had to pick up the cost. 
34 states adopted an expansion of Medicaid, which provides subsidized healthcare based on low or no income. 19 states did not adopt the expansion. This means that if you are unemployed AND you live in one of the following states, you may qualify for Medicaid.
34 States that Expanded Medicaid
The states that expanded Medicaid are:
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia
States that did not expand Medicaid
As of April 2017, the 19 states which did not adopt the Medicaid expansion are:
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
How do you find out if you qualify for Medicaid in your state?
You find out if you qualify for Medicaid and CHIP in your state by contacting your state Medicaid Department or Healthcare.gov. Some states have their own unique eligibility rules, that could work either in your favor, or against you so be thorough and persistent..
This page on HealthCare.gov walks you through the eligibility process.
Medicaid eligibility for most people is determined using the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) definitions of modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). The MAGI methodology is used for the new adult group as well as for children, pregnant women, and parents. Of course, most people who are over age 65 or eligible on the basis of a disability or a need for long-term services continue to use the pre-ACA eligibility requirements